refactor classes, add private, minor fixes

1-js/09-classes/03-class-inheritance/3-class-extend-object/solution.md

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+First, let's see why the latter code doesn't work.
+
+The reason becomes obvious if we try to run it. An inheriting class constructor must call `super()`. Otherwise `"this"` won't be "defined".
+
+So here's the fix:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit extends Object {
+  constructor(name) {
+*!*
+    super(); // need to call the parent constructor when inheriting
+*/!*
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+}
+
+let rabbit = new Rabbit("Rab");
+
+alert( rabbit.hasOwnProperty('name') ); // true
+```
+
+But that's not all yet.
+
+Even after the fix, there's still important difference in `"class Rabbit extends Object"` versus `class Rabbit`.
+
+As we know, the "extends" syntax sets up two prototypes:
+
+1. Between `"prototype"` of the constructor functions (for methods).
+2. Between the constructor functions itself (for static methods).
+
+In our case, for `class Rabbit extends Object` it means:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit extends Object {}
+
+alert( Rabbit.prototype.__proto__ === Object.prototype ); // (1) true
+alert( Rabbit.__proto__ === Object ); // (2) true
+```
+
+So `Rabbit` now provides access to static methods of `Object` via `Rabbit`, like this:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit extends Object {}
+
+*!*
+// normally we call Object.getOwnPropertyNames
+alert ( Rabbit.getOwnPropertyNames({a: 1, b: 2})); // a,b
+*/!*
+```
+
+But if we don't have `extends Object`, then `Rabbit.__proto__` is not set to `Object`.
+
+Here's the demo:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit {}
+
+alert( Rabbit.prototype.__proto__ === Object.prototype ); // (1) true
+alert( Rabbit.__proto__ === Object ); // (2) false (!)
+alert( Rabbit.__proto__ === Function.prototype ); // as any function by default
+
+*!*
+// error, no such function in Rabbit
+alert ( Rabbit.getOwnPropertyNames({a: 1, b: 2})); // Error
+*/!*
+```
+
+So `Rabbit` doesn't provide access to static methods of `Object` in that case.
+
+By the way, `Function.prototype` has "generic" function methods, like `call`, `bind` etc. They are ultimately available in both cases, because for the built-in `Object` constructor, `Object.__proto__ === Function.prototype`.
+
+Here's the picture:
+
+![](rabbit-extends-object.png)
+
+So, to put it short, there are two differences:
+
+| class Rabbit | class Rabbit extends Object  |
+|--------------|------------------------------|
+| --             | needs to call `super()` in constructor |
+| `Rabbit.__proto__ === Function.prototype` | `Rabbit.__proto__ === Object` |

1-js/09-classes/03-class-inheritance/3-class-extend-object/task.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+importance: 5
+
+---
+
+# Class extends Object?
+
+As we know, all objects normally inherit from `Object.prototype` and get access to "generic" object methods like `hasOwnProperty` etc.
+
+For instance:
+
+```js run
+class Rabbit {
+  constructor(name) {
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+}
+
+let rabbit = new Rabbit("Rab");
+
+*!*
+// hasOwnProperty method is from Object.prototype
+// rabbit.__proto__ === Object.prototype
+alert( rabbit.hasOwnProperty('name') ); // true
+*/!*
+```
+
+But if we spell it out explicitly like `"class Rabbit extends Object"`, then the result would be different from a simple `"class Rabbit"`?
+
+What's the difference?
+
+Here's an example of such code (it doesn't work -- why? fix it?):
+
+```js
+class Rabbit extends Object {
+  constructor(name) {
+    this.name = name;
+  }
+}
+
+let rabbit = new Rabbit("Rab");
+
+alert( rabbit.hasOwnProperty('name') ); // true
+```