split arrow functions

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Ilya Kantor 2019-11-06 14:05:43 +03:00
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# Function expressions and arrows # Function expressions
In JavaScript, a function is not a "magical language structure", but a special kind of value. In JavaScript, a function is not a "magical language structure", but a special kind of value.
@ -355,107 +355,6 @@ That's also better for readability, as it's easier to look up `function f(…) {
...But if a Function Declaration does not suit us for some reason, or we need a conditional declaration (we've just seen an example), then Function Expression should be used. ...But if a Function Declaration does not suit us for some reason, or we need a conditional declaration (we've just seen an example), then Function Expression should be used.
``` ```
## Arrow functions [#arrow-functions]
There's one more very simple and concise syntax for creating functions, that's often better than Function Expressions. It's called "arrow functions", because it looks like this:
```js
let func = (arg1, arg2, ...argN) => expression
```
...This creates a function `func` that has arguments `arg1..argN`, evaluates the `expression` on the right side with their use and returns its result.
In other words, it's roughly the same as:
```js
let func = function(arg1, arg2, ...argN) {
return expression;
};
```
...But much more concise.
Let's see an example:
```js run
let sum = (a, b) => a + b;
/* The arrow function is a shorter form of:
let sum = function(a, b) {
return a + b;
};
*/
alert( sum(1, 2) ); // 3
```
If we have only one argument, then parentheses around parameters can be omitted, making that even shorter:
```js run
// same as
// let double = function(n) { return n * 2 }
*!*
let double = n => n * 2;
*/!*
alert( double(3) ); // 6
```
If there are no arguments, parentheses should be empty (but they should be present):
```js run
let sayHi = () => alert("Hello!");
sayHi();
```
Arrow functions can be used in the same way as Function Expressions.
For instance, here's the rewritten example with `welcome()`:
```js run
let age = prompt("What is your age?", 18);
let welcome = (age < 18) ?
() => alert('Hello') :
() => alert("Greetings!");
welcome(); // ok now
```
Arrow functions may appear unfamiliar and not very readable at first, but that quickly changes as the eyes get used to the structure.
They are very convenient for simple one-line actions, when we're just too lazy to write many words.
```smart header="Multiline arrow functions"
The examples above took arguments from the left of `=>` and evaluated the right-side expression with them.
Sometimes we need something a little bit more complex, like multiple expressions or statements. It is also possible, but we should enclose them in curly braces. Then use a normal `return` within them.
Like this:
```js run
let sum = (a, b) => { // the curly brace opens a multiline function
let result = a + b;
*!*
return result; // if we use curly braces, use return to get results
*/!*
};
alert( sum(1, 2) ); // 3
```
```smart header="More to come"
Here we praised arrow functions for brevity. But that's not all! Arrow functions have other interesting features. We'll return to them later in the chapter <info:arrow-functions>.
For now, we can already use arrow functions for one-line actions and callbacks.
```
## Summary ## Summary
- Functions are values. They can be assigned, copied or declared in any place of the code. - Functions are values. They can be assigned, copied or declared in any place of the code.
@ -467,8 +366,3 @@ For now, we can already use arrow functions for one-line actions and callbacks.
In most cases when we need to declare a function, a Function Declaration is preferable, because it is visible prior to the declaration itself. That gives us more flexibility in code organization, and is usually more readable. In most cases when we need to declare a function, a Function Declaration is preferable, because it is visible prior to the declaration itself. That gives us more flexibility in code organization, and is usually more readable.
So we should use a Function Expression only when a Function Declaration is not fit for the task. We've seen a couple of examples of that in this chapter, and will see more in the future. So we should use a Function Expression only when a Function Declaration is not fit for the task. We've seen a couple of examples of that in this chapter, and will see more in the future.
Arrow functions are handy for one-liners. They come in two flavors:
1. Without curly braces: `(...args) => expression` -- the right side is an expression: the function evaluates it and returns the result.
2. With curly braces: `(...args) => { body }` -- brackets allow us to write multiple statements inside the function, but we need an explicit `return` to return something.

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# Rewrite with arrow functions # Rewrite with arrow functions
Replace Function Expressions with arrow functions in the code: Replace Function Expressions with arrow functions in the code below:
```js run ```js run
function ask(question, yes, no) { function ask(question, yes, no) {

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# Arrow functions, the basics
There's another very simple and concise syntax for creating functions, that's often better than Function Expressions.
It's called "arrow functions", because it looks like this:
```js
let func = (arg1, arg2, ...argN) => expression
```
...This creates a function `func` that accepts arguments `arg1..argN`, then evaluates the `expression` on the right side with their use and returns its result.
In other words, it's the shorter version of:
```js
let func = function(arg1, arg2, ...argN) {
return expression;
};
```
Let's see a concrete example:
```js run
let sum = (a, b) => a + b;
/* This arrow function is a shorter form of:
let sum = function(a, b) {
return a + b;
};
*/
alert( sum(1, 2) ); // 3
```
As you can, see `(a, b) => a + b` means a function that accepts two arguments named `a` and `b`. Upon the execution, it evaluates the expression `a + b` and returns the result.
- If we have only one argument, then parentheses around parameters can be omitted, making that even shorter.
For example:
```js run
*!*
let double = n => n * 2;
// roughly the same as: let double = function(n) { return n * 2 }
*/!*
alert( double(3) ); // 6
```
- If there are no arguments, parentheses will be empty (but they should be present):
```js run
let sayHi = () => alert("Hello!");
sayHi();
```
Arrow functions can be used in the same way as Function Expressions.
For instance, to dynamically create a function:
```js run
let age = prompt("What is your age?", 18);
let welcome = (age < 18) ?
() => alert('Hello') :
() => alert("Greetings!");
welcome(); // ok now
```
Arrow functions may appear unfamiliar and not very readable at first, but that quickly changes as the eyes get used to the structure.
They are very convenient for simple one-line actions, when we're just too lazy to write many words.
## Multiline arrow functions
The examples above took arguments from the left of `=>` and evaluated the right-side expression with them.
Sometimes we need something a little bit more complex, like multiple expressions or statements. It is also possible, but we should enclose them in curly braces. Then use a normal `return` within them.
Like this:
```js run
let sum = (a, b) => { // the curly brace opens a multiline function
let result = a + b;
*!*
return result; // if we use curly braces, use return to get results
*/!*
};
alert( sum(1, 2) ); // 3
```
```smart header="More to come"
Here we praised arrow functions for brevity. But that's not all! Arrow functions have other interesting features. We'll return to them later in the chapter <info:arrow-functions>.
For now, we can already use arrow functions for one-line actions and callbacks.
```
## Summary
Arrow functions are handy for one-liners. They come in two flavors:
1. Without curly braces: `(...args) => expression` -- the right side is an expression: the function evaluates it and returns the result.
2. With curly braces: `(...args) => { body }` -- brackets allow us to write multiple statements inside the function, but we need an explicit `return` to return something.

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@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ alert(arr); // *!*1, 2, 15*/!*
```` ````
````smart header="Arrow functions for the best" ````smart header="Arrow functions for the best"
Remember [arrow functions](info:function-expressions-arrows#arrow-functions)? We can use them here for neater sorting: Remember [arrow functions](info:arrow-functions-basics)? We can use them here for neater sorting:
```js ```js
arr.sort( (a, b) => a - b ); arr.sort( (a, b) => a - b );