at method
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@ -92,6 +92,38 @@ let fruits = [
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The "trailing comma" style makes it easier to insert/remove items, because all lines become alike.
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````
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## Get last elements with "at"
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[recent browser="new"]
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Let's say we want a last element of the array.
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Some programming languages allow to use negative indexes for the same purpose, like `fruits[-1]`.
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Although, in JavaScript it won't work. The result will be `undefined`.
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We can explicitly calculate the last element index and then access it, using `fruits[fruits.length - 1]`:
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```js run
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let fruits = ["Apple", "Orange", "Plum"];
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alert( fruits[fruits.length-1] ); // Plum
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```
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A bit cumbersome, isn't it? We need to write the variable name twice.
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Luckily, there's a shorter syntax: `fruits.at(-1)`:
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```js run
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let fruits = ["Apple", "Orange", "Plum"];
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// same as fruits[fruits.length-1]
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alert( fruits.at(-1) ); // Plum
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```
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In other words, `arr.at(i)`:
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- is exactly the same as `arr[i]`, if `i >= 0`.
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- for negative values of `i`, it steps back from the end of the array.
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## Methods pop/push, shift/unshift
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@ -138,6 +170,8 @@ In computer science the data structure that allows this, is called [deque](https
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alert( fruits ); // Apple, Orange
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```
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Both `fruits.pop()` and `fruits.at(-1)` return the last element of the array, but `fruits.pop()` also modifies the array by removing it.
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`push`
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: Append the element to the end of the array:
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