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# Hello, world!
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The tutorial that you're reading is about the core Javascript, that is platform-independant. So you'll be able to learn how to use Node.JS and other things based on that knowledge.
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The tutorial that you're reading is about the core JavaScript, that is platform-independant. So you'll be able to learn how to use Node.JS and other things based on that knowledge.
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But we need a working environment to run our scripts, and, just because this book is online, the browser is probably a good choice. We'll use a few browser-specific commands like `alert`, but will keep their amount to the minimum.
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- A script in an external file can be inserted with `<script src="path/to/script.js"></script>`.
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There is much more about browser scripts and their interaction with the web-page. But let's keep in mind that this part of the tutorial is devoted to Javascript language. So we shouldn't distract ourselves from it. We'll be using a browser as a way to run Javascript, very convenient for online reading, but yet one of many.
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There is much more about browser scripts and their interaction with the web-page. But let's keep in mind that this part of the tutorial is devoted to JavaScript language. So we shouldn't distract ourselves from it. We'll be using a browser as a way to run JavaScript, very convenient for online reading, but yet one of many.
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## A string
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A string in Javascript must be quoted.
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A string in JavaScript must be quoted.
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```js
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let str = "Hello";
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2. Single quotes: `'Hello'`.
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3. Backticks: <code>`Hello`</code>.
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Double and single quotes are "simple" quotes. They mark the beginning and the end of the string, that's all. There's no difference between them in Javascript.
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Double and single quotes are "simple" quotes. They mark the beginning and the end of the string, that's all. There's no difference between them in JavaScript.
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Backticks are "extended functionality" quotes. They allow to embed variables and expressions into a string by wrapping them in `${…}`, for example:
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- `undefined` is `NaN` as a number.
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- `"0"` is true as a boolean.
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Objects are not covered here, we'll return to them later in the chapter <info:object-toprimitive>, devoted exclusively to objects, after we learn more basic things about Javascript.
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Objects are not covered here, we'll return to them later in the chapter <info:object-toprimitive>, devoted exclusively to objects, after we learn more basic things about JavaScript.
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## Strings concatenation, binary +
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Now let's see special features of Javascript operators, beyond school arithmetics.
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Now let's see special features of JavaScript operators, beyond school arithmetics.
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Usually the plus operator `'+'` sums numbers.
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# Interaction: alert, prompt, confirm
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This part of the tutorial aims to cover Javascript "as is", without environment-specific tweaks.
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This part of the tutorial aims to cover JavaScript "as is", without environment-specific tweaks.
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But still we use a browser as the demo environment. So we should know at least few user-interface functions.
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````smart header="Default parameters old-style"
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Old editions of Javascript did not support default parameters. So there are alternative ways to support them, that you can find mostly in the old scripts.
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Old editions of JavaScript did not support default parameters. So there are alternative ways to support them, that you can find mostly in the old scripts.
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For instance, an explicit check for being `undefined`:
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return
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(some + long + expression + or + whatever * f(a) + f(b))
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```
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That doesn't work, because Javascript assumes a semicolon after `return` in that case:
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That doesn't work, because JavaScript assumes a semicolon after `return` in that case:
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```js
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return*!*;*/!*
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# Function expressions and arrows
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In Javascript a function is not a "magical language structure", but a special kind of value.
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In JavaScript a function is not a "magical language structure", but a special kind of value.
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The syntax that we used before is called *Function Declaration*:
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Here functions are declared right inside the `ask(...)` call. They have no name, and so are called *anonymous*. Such functions are not accessible outside of `ask`, but that's just what we want here.
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Such code appears in our scripts very naturally, it's in the spirit of Javascript.
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Such code appears in our scripts very naturally, it's in the spirit of JavaScript.
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```smart header="A function is a value representing an \"action\""
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# Javascript specials
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# JavaScript specials
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This chapter aims to list features of JavaScript that we've learned, paying special attention to subtle moments.
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## Functions
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We covered 3 ways to create a function in Javascript:
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We covered 3 ways to create a function in JavaScript:
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1. Function Declaration: the function in the main code flow
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## More to come
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That was a brief list of Javascript specials that we need to know to code well.
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That was a brief list of JavaScript specials that we need to know to code well.
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As of now that were only basics. Further in the tutorial you'll find more specials and advanced features of Javascript.
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As of now that were only basics. Further in the tutorial you'll find more specials and advanced features of JavaScript.
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