fixes

1-js/04-object-basics/04-object-methods/2-check-syntax/solution.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The error message in most browsers does not give understanding what went wrong.
 
 **The error appears because a semicolon is missing after `user = {...}`.**
 
-JavaScript does not assume a semicolon before a bracket `(user.go)()`, so it reads the code like:
+JavaScript does not auto-insert a semicolon before a bracket `(user.go)()`, so it reads the code like:
 
 ```js no-beautify
 let user = { go:... }(user.go)()
@@ -35,9 +35,3 @@ let user = {
 ```
 
 Please note that brackets around `(user.go)` do nothing here. Usually they setup the order of operations, but here the dot `.` works first anyway, so there's no effect. Only the semicolon thing matters.
-
-
-
-
-
-

1-js/04-object-basics/04-object-methods/4-object-property-this/solution.md

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ let user = makeUser();
 alert( user.ref.name ); // Error: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined
 ```
 
-That's because rules that set `this` do not look at object literals. 
+That's because rules that set `this` do not look at object definition. Only the moment of call matters.
 
-Here the value of `this` inside `makeUser()` is `undefined`, because it is called as a function, not as a method.
+Here the value of `this` inside `makeUser()` is `undefined`, because it is called as a function, not as a method with "dot" syntax.
 
-And the object literal itself has no effect on `this`. The value of `this` is one for the whole function, code blocks and object literals do not affect it.
+The value of `this` is one for the whole function, code blocks and object literals do not affect it.
 
 So `ref: this` actually takes current `this` of the function.
 
@@ -42,5 +42,3 @@ alert( user.ref().name ); // John
 ```
 
 Now it works, because `user.ref()` is a method. And the value of `this` is set to the object before dot `.`.
-
-

1-js/04-object-basics/04-object-methods/article.md

@@ -257,11 +257,11 @@ user.hi(); // John (the simple call works)
 */!*
 ```
 
-On the last line there is a ternary operator that chooses either `user.hi` or `user.bye`. In this case the result is `user.hi`.
+On the last line there is a conditinal operator that chooses either `user.hi` or `user.bye`. In this case the result is `user.hi`.
 
-The method is immediately called with parentheses `()`. But it doesn't work right!
+Then the method is immediately called with parentheses `()`. But it doesn't work right!
 
-You can see that the call results in an error, because the value of `"this"` inside the call becomes `undefined`.
+As you can see, the call results in an error, because the value of `"this"` inside the call becomes `undefined`.
 
 This works (object dot method):
 ```js
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ The Reference Type is a "specification type". We can't explicitly use it, but it
 The value of Reference Type is a three-value combination `(base, name, strict)`, where:
 
 - `base` is the object.
-- `name` is the property.
+- `name` is the property name.
 - `strict` is true if `use strict` is in effect.
 
 The result of a property access `user.hi` is not a function, but a value of Reference Type. For `user.hi` in strict mode it is:
@@ -318,6 +318,8 @@ The result of a property access `user.hi` is not a function, but a value of Refe
 
 When parentheses `()` are called on the Reference Type, they receive the full information about the object and its method, and can set the right `this` (`=user` in this case).
 
+Reference type is a special "intermediary" internal type, with the purpose to pass information from dot `.` to calling parentheses `()`.
+
 Any other operation like assignment `hi = user.hi` discards the reference type as a whole, takes the value of `user.hi` (a function) and passes it on. So any further operation "loses" `this`.
 
 So, as the result, the value of `this` is only passed the right way if the function is called directly using a dot `obj.method()` or square brackets `obj['method']()` syntax (they do the same here). Later in this tutorial, we will learn various ways to solve this problem such as [func.bind()](/bind#solution-2-bind).

5-network/06-url/article.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 The built-in [URL](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#api) class provides a convenient interface for creating and parsing URLs.
 
-We don't have to use it at all. There are no networking methods that require exactly an `URL` object, strings are good enough. But sometimes it can be really helpful.
+There are no networking methods that require exactly an `URL` object, strings are good enough. So technically we don't have to use `URL`. But sometimes it can be really helpful.
 
 ## Creating an URL
 
@@ -13,8 +13,28 @@ The syntax to create a new URL object:
 new URL(url, [base])
 ```
 
-- **`url`** -- the text url
-- **`base`** -- an optional base for the `url`
+- **`url`** -- the URL string or path (if base is set, see below).
+- **`base`** -- an optional base, if set and `url` has only path, then the URL is generated relative to `base`.
+
+For example, these two URLs are same:
+
+```js run
+let url1 = new URL('https://javascript.info/profile/admin');
+let url2 = new URL('/profile/admin', 'https://javascript.info');
+
+alert(url1); // https://javascript.info/profile/admin
+alert(url2); // https://javascript.info/profile/admin
+```
+
+Переход к пути относительно текущего URL:
+
+```js run
+let url = new URL('https://javascript.info/profile/admin');
+let testerUrl = new URL('tester', url);
+
+alert(testerUrl); // https://javascript.info/profile/tester
+```
+
 
 The `URL` object immediately allows us to access its components, so it's a nice way to parse the url, e.g.:
 
@@ -32,21 +52,10 @@ Here's the cheatsheet:
 
 - `href` is the full url, same as `url.toString()`
 - `protocol` ends with the colon character `:`
-- `search` starts with the question mark `?`
+- `search` - a string of parameters, starts with the question mark `?`
 - `hash` starts with the hash character `#`
 - there are also `user` and `password` properties if HTTP authentication is present.
 
-We can also use `URL` to create relative urls, using the second argument:
-
-```js run
-let url = new URL('profile/admin', 'https://javascript.info');
-
-alert(url); // https://javascript.info/profile/admin
-
-url = new URL('tester', url); // go to 'tester' relative to current url path
-
-alert(url); // https://javascript.info/profile/tester
-```
 
 ```smart header="We can use `URL` everywhere instead of a string"
 We can use an `URL` object in `fetch` or `XMLHttpRequest`, almost everywhere where a string url is expected.
@@ -54,15 +63,15 @@ We can use an `URL` object in `fetch` or `XMLHttpRequest`, almost everywhere whe
 In the vast majority of methods it's automatically converted to a string.
 ```
 
-## SearchParams
+## SearchParams "?..."
 
-Let's say we want to create an url with given search params, for instance, `https://google.com/search?query=value`.
+Let's say we want to create an url with given search params, for instance, `https://google.com/search?query=JavaScript`.
 
-They must be correctly encoded.
+They must be correctly encoded to include non-latin charcters, spaces etc.
 
-In very old browsers, before `URL` appeared, we'd use built-in functions `encodeURIComponent/decodeURIComponent`.
+Some time ago, before `URL` objects appeared, we'd use built-in functions `encodeURIComponent/decodeURIComponent`. They have some problems, but now that doesn't matter.
 
-Now, there's no need: `url.searchParams` is an object of type [URLSearchParams](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlsearchparams).
+There's URL property for that: `url.searchParams` is an object of type [URLSearchParams](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlsearchparams).
 
 It provides convenient methods for search parameters:
 
@@ -81,7 +90,7 @@ For example:
 
 ```js run
 let url = new URL('https://google.com/search');
-url.searchParams.set('query', 'test me!');
+url.searchParams.set('query', 'test me!'); // added parameter with a space and !
 
 alert(url); // https://google.com/search?query=test+me%21