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<h1 class="title indent">ESP8266 and MicroPython - Part 1</h1>
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<time datetime="2016-07-28T04:00:00+00:00" pubdate data-updated="true"><i class="icon-calendar"></i> July 28, 2016</time>
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<span class="byline author vcard"><i class='icon-user'></i> Fabian Affolter</span>
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<span><i class='icon-time'></i> six minutes reading time</span>
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<i class="icon-tags"></i>
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<ul class="tags unstyled">
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<li>ESP8266</li>
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<li>How-To</li>
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<li>Micropython</li>
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href="#disqus_thread"
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<p><img src="/images/blog/2016-07-micropython/micropython.png" style="clear: right; border:none; box-shadow: none; float: right; margin-bottom: 12px;" width="200" />
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The first release of Micropython for ESP8266 was delivered a couple of weeks ago. The <a href="http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/esp8266_contents.html">documentation</a> covers a lot of ground. This post is providing only a little summary which should get you started.</p>
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<p>Until a couple of weeks ago, the pre-built MicroPython binary for the ESP8266 was only available to backers of the Kickstarter campaign. This has changed now and it is available to the public for <a href="https://micropython.org/download/#esp8266">download</a>.</p>
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<a name="read-more"></a>
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<p>The easiest way is to use <a href="https://github.com/themadinventor/esptool">esptool.py</a> for firmware handling tasks. First erase the flash:</p>
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$ </span>sudo python esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 erase_flash
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esptool.py v1.0.2-dev
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Connecting...
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Erasing flash <span class="o">(</span>this may take a <span class="k">while</span><span class="o">)</span>...
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>and then load the firmware. You may adjust the file name of the firmware binary.</p>
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$ </span>sudo python esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 --baud 460800 write_flash --flash_size<span class="o">=</span>8m 0 esp8266-2016-07-10-v1.8.2.bin
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esptool.py v1.2-dev
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Connecting...
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Running Cesanta flasher stub...
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Flash params <span class="nb">set </span>to 0x0020
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Writing 540672 @ 0x0... 540672 <span class="o">(</span>100 %<span class="o">)</span>
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Wrote 540672 bytes at 0x0 <span class="k">in </span>13.1 seconds <span class="o">(</span>330.8 kbit/s<span class="o">)</span>...
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Leaving...
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>Now reset the device. You should then be able to use the <a href="http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/esp8266/tutorial/repl.html#getting-a-micropython-repl-prompt">REPL (Read Evaluate Print Loop)</a>. On Linux there is <code class="highlighter-rouge">minicom</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">picocom</code>, on a Mac you can use <code class="highlighter-rouge">screen</code> (eg. <code class="highlighter-rouge">screen /dev/tty.SLAB_USBtoUART 115200</code>), and on Windows there is Putty to open a serial connection and get the REPL prompt.</p>
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<p>The <a href="http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/esp8266/tutorial/repl.html#webrepl-a-prompt-over-wifi">WebREPL</a> work over a wireless connection and allows easy access to a prompt in your browser. An instance of the WebREPL client is hosted at <a href="http://micropython.org/webrepl">http://micropython.org/webrepl</a>. Alternatively, you can create a local clone of their <a href="https://github.com/micropython/webrepl">GitHub repository</a>. This is neccessary if your want to use the command-line tool <code class="highlighter-rouge">webrepl_cli.py</code> which is mentionend later in this post.</p>
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$ </span>sudo minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB0
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<span class="c">#4 ets_task(4020e374, 29, 3fff70e8, 10) </span>
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WebREPL daemon started on ws://192.168.4.1:8266
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Started webrepl <span class="k">in </span>setup mode
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could not open file <span class="s1">'main.py'</span> <span class="k">for </span>reading
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<span class="c">#5 ets_task(4010035c, 3, 3fff6360, 4)</span>
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MicroPython v1.8.2-9-g805c2b9 on 2016-07-10; ESP module with ESP8266
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Type <span class="s2">"help()"</span> <span class="k">for </span>more information.
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<span class="gp">>>> </span>
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p class="note">
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The public build of the firmware may be different than the firmware distributed to the backers of the Kickstarter campaign. Especially in regard of the <a href="http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/py-modindex.html">available modules</a>, turned on debug messages, and alike. Also, the WebREPL may not be started by default.
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</p>
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<p>Connect a LED to pin 5 (or another pin of your choosing) to check if the ESP8266 is working as expected.</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">machine</span>
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<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">pin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">machine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Pin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">machine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Pin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">OUT</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">pin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>You can toogle the LED by changing its state with <code class="highlighter-rouge">pin.high()</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">pin.low()</code>.</p>
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<p>Various ESP8266 development board are shipped with an onboard photocell or a light dependent resistors (LDR) connected to the analog pin of your ESP8266 check if you are able to obtain a value.</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="o">>>></span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">machine</span>
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<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">brightness</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">machine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ADC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="o">>>></span> <span class="n">brightness</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>Make sure that you are familiar with REPL and WebREPL because this will be needed soon. Keep in mind the password for the WebREPL access.</p>
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<p>Read the <a href="http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/esp8266/tutorial/network_basics.html">instructions</a> about how to setup your wireless connection. Basically you need to upload a <code class="highlighter-rouge">boot.py</code> file to the microcontroller and this file is taking care of the connection setup. Below you find a sample which is more or less the same as shown in the <a href="http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/esp8266/tutorial/network_basics.html#configuration-of-the-wifi">documentation</a>.</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">do_connect</span><span class="p">():</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">network</span>
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<span class="n">SSID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'SSID'</span>
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<span class="n">PASSWORD</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'PASSWORD'</span>
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<span class="n">sta_if</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">network</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">WLAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">network</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">STA_IF</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">ap_if</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">network</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">WLAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">network</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AP_IF</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ap_if</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">active</span><span class="p">():</span>
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<span class="n">ap_if</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">active</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">sta_if</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isconnected</span><span class="p">():</span>
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<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'connecting to network...'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">sta_if</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">active</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">sta_if</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SSID</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PASSWORD</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">while</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">sta_if</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isconnected</span><span class="p">():</span>
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<span class="k">pass</span>
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<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Network configuration:'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sta_if</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ifconfig</span><span class="p">())</span>
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>Upload this file with <code class="highlighter-rouge">webrepl_cli.py</code> or the WebREPL:</p>
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">$ </span>python webrepl_cli.py boot.py 192.168.4.1:/boot.py
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>If you reboot, you should see your current IP address in the terminal.</p>
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<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">>>> </span>Network configuration: <span class="o">(</span><span class="s1">'192.168.0.10'</span>, <span class="s1">'255.255.255.0'</span>, <span class="s1">'192.168.0.1'</span>, <span class="s1">'192.168.0.1'</span><span class="o">)</span>
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>First let’s create a little consumer for Home Assistant sensor’s state. The code to place in <code class="highlighter-rouge">main.py</code> is a mixture of code from above and the <a href="/developers/rest_api/">RESTful API</a> of Home Assistant. If the temperature in the kitchen is higher than 20 °C then the LED connected to pin 5 is switched on.</p>
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<p class="note">
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If a module is missing then you need to download it from the <a href="https://github.com/micropython/micropython-lib">MicroPython Library overview</a> and upload it to the ESP8266 with <code class="highlighter-rouge">webrepl_cli.py</code> manually.
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</p>
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<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># Sample code to request the state of a Home Assistant entity.</span>
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<span class="n">API_PASSWORD</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'YOUR_PASSWORD'</span>
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<span class="n">URL</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'http://192.168.0.5:8123/api/states/'</span>
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<span class="n">ENTITY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'sensor.kitchen_temperature'</span>
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<span class="n">TIMEOUT</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">30</span>
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<span class="n">PIN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_data</span><span class="p">():</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urequests</span>
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<span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'{}{}'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ENTITY</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">headers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'x-ha-access'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">API_PASSWORD</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="s">'content-type'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'application/json'</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="n">resp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urequests</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">resp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="s">'state'</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">machine</span>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span>
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<span class="n">pin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">machine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Pin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PIN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">machine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Pin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">OUT</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">while</span> <span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">get_data</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="n">pin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">high</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="n">pin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="k">except</span> <span class="nb">TypeError</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">pass</span>
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<span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIMEOUT</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Get the state of {}'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ENTITY</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<p>Upload <code class="highlighter-rouge">main.py</code> the same way as <code class="highlighter-rouge">boot.py</code>. After a reboot (<code class="highlighter-rouge">>>> import machine</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">>>> machine.reboot()</code>) or power-cycling your physical notifier is ready.</p>
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<p>If you run into trouble, press “Ctrl+c” in the REPL to stop the execution of the code, enter <code class="highlighter-rouge">>>> import webrepl</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">>>> webrepl.start()</code>, and upload your fixed file.</p>
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</article>
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<section id="disqus">
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<h3 class="indent title">Comments</h3>
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<div id="disqus_thread" aria-live="polite"><noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="http://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments powered by Disqus.</a></noscript></div>
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</section>
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</div>
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<aside id="sidebar" class="grid__item one-third lap-one-whole palm-one-whole">
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<div class="grid">
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<section class="aside-module grid__item one-whole lap-one-half">
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<h1 class="title delta">About Home Assistant</h1>
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<ul class="divided">
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<li>
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||
Home Assistant is an open-source home automation platform running on Python 3. Track and control all devices at home and automate control.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href='/getting-started/'>Get started with Home Assistant</a></li>
|
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<li><a href='/demo/'>Try the online demo</a></li>
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<li><a class="twitter-follow-button" href="https://twitter.com/Home_Assistant">Follow Home Assistant on Twitter</a></li>
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<li><div class="fb-like" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/homeassistantio/" data-layout="standard" data-action="like" data-size="small" data-show-faces="true" data-share="false"></div></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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