en.javascript.info/1-js/04-object-basics/04-object-methods/4-object-property-this/solution.md

Answer: an error.

Try it:

function makeUser() {
  return {
    name: "John",
    ref: this
  };
};

let user = makeUser();

alert( user.ref.name ); // Error: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined

That's because rules that set this do not look at object literals.

Here the value of this inside makeUser() is undefined, because it is called as a function, not as a method.

And the object literal itself has no effect on this. The value of this is one for the whole function, code blocks and object literals do not affect it.

So ref: this actually takes current this of the function.

Here's the opposite case:

function makeUser() {
  return {
    name: "John",
*!*
    ref() {
      return this;
    }
*/!*
  };
};

let user = makeUser();

alert( user.ref().name ); // John

Now it works, because user.ref() is a method. And the value of this is set to the object before dot ..